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Aerobic
- With or in the presence of oxygen (low – to – moderate –
intensity exercise).
Anaerobic -
Without
the presence of oxygen (high – intensity exercise when muscle burn occurs).
Arteries -
Blood
vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.
Atherosclerosis -
A specific form of
arteriosclerosis caused by the accumulation of fatty materials on the inner walls of the
arteries, causing them to thicken, harden, and lose elasticity.
Blood pressure
-
The pressure
exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries measured in millimeters of mercury.
Calorie -
The amount of heat energy
needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree C.
Carbohydrate -
An essential nutrient that is the body's
main source of energy. 1 gram = 4 calories
Cellulite –
A nonmedical term
often used to describe subcutaneous fat (fat beneath the skin).
Cholesterol -
A fatty substance
found in the blood, body tissues and in animal products, essential for the body in the
production of hormones. Its accumulation in the arteries leads to atherosclerosis.
Concentric contraction –
A contraction in which a
muscle exerts force, shortens, and overcomes resistance.
Diastolic blood pressure –
The pressure exerted by
the blood on the blood vessel walls when the heart relaxes between contractions.
Energy -
The potential to do work
and activity, measured in calories from carbohydrates, protein, and fat.
Eccentric contraction –
A contraction in which a
muscle exerts force, lengthens, and is overcome by a resistance.
Fat -
An essential nutrient that
provides energy, energy storage, and insulation to the body. 1 gram = 9 calories.
Fatty acid –
The building blocks of fats. An
important nutrient for the production of energy during prolonged low-intensity exercise.
Glucose –
A simple sugar; the form in which all
carbohydrates are used as the body’s main source of energy.
Glycogen –
The storage form of
glucose found in the liver and muscles.
High-density lipoprotein –
A
lipoprotein that contains more protein than cholesterol. Labeled as good cholesterol
because it removes excess cholesterol from the body.
Lactic acid –
A waste product
of anaerobic energy production which is known to cause muscle burn during exercise.
Lean body mass –
Bodyweight
without body fat; composed primarily of muscle, bone, and other nonfat tissue.
Lipoprotein –
The transport
vehicle that carries fat throughout the body. Made up of protein, fat, and cholesterol.
Low-density lipoprotein –
A
lipoprotein that contains more cholesterol than protein. Labeled as bad cholesterol
because it deposits cholesterol on the walls of arteries.
Metabolism –
The chemical and
physiological processes in the body that provide energy for the maintenance of life.
Protein –
An essential nutrient
made up of 22 amino acids. Builds and repairs body tissues. 1 gram = 4 calories.
Repetition –
One full movement
which includes complete muscle contraction (concentric) to full extension (eccentric).
Set –
The completion of a total
number of repetitions.
Spotter –
A training partner or
a person who gives assistance to an unsuccessful lifting attempt, which normally occurs
when lifting a weight continuously until momentary muscle failure occurs. Provides the
exerciser to train in a safe and effective manner.
Static stretch
–
A low-force,
long duration stretch that holds the desired muscle at the greatest possible length for 20
to 30 seconds.
Systolic blood pressure –
The
pressure exerted by the blood on the blood vessel walls during ventricular contractions
(pumping of the heart).
Veins –
Blood vessels that
carry blood–usually deoxygenated–to the heart.
Ventricle –
One of the two (left
and right) lower chambers of the heart. The muscular left ventricle pumps blood to the
body; the smaller right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
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